Per Whole Group:

• Stopwatch or timer application

Per Team:

• 1 pair of scissors
• 5 plastic cups
• At least 1 marble
• 2 empty cereal boxes
• 10 paper towel tubes
• 1 roll of duct or masking tape

GETTING READY

Choose an area with plenty of room to spread out and build. It should include some furniture (e.g., desks, tables, chairs) for participants to use as part of their marble run.

INTRODUCTION

Everybody wants to get to their destination as fast as possible. Moving things efficiently from one point to another is a challenge that engineers have been working on for hundreds of years. Engineers use creativity to solve this and many other problems. Consider:

• What’s the fastest way to get from your home to your school? (Road, sidewalk, path through the backyard.)
• What are some systems that are designed to move things along a specific course? (Aqueduct, sewer, roller coaster, subway, escalator, conveyor belt, power line, etc.)

For younger children, introduce the activity by getting them thinking about water transport:

• Where does water go when it goes down the drain? (To the sewer, then to a sewage plant, then back to the environment.)
• How does water get to your home? (Pipes bring water into your house.)
• What could go wrong with the way water comes to your home? (Pipes could break.)

Today you will make a marble run, which is a lot like a pipe that carries water. The catch? We want the marble to go through this marble run as SLOWLY as possible.

Introduce the design challenge. Teams of 3 or 4 participants design and build a marble run that keeps a marble rolling for the longest time.

• 

  A marble run made of paper tubes taped to a wall. Credit: Rachelle Doorley/Tinkerlab.

  Each team gets 10 paper tubes, 2 cereal boxes, 5 cups, 1 pair of scissors, 1 roll of tape, and at least 1 marble.

Give teams 5 minutes to plan their marble run. Some tips you can share:

• The goal is to keep the marble rolling as long as possible, not as far as possible.
• You can cut the tubes in half lengthwise to make chutes. You may or may not want to do this with all of your tubes.
• Use the environment to your advantage. You can build on walls, chairs, tables, and even the floor.
• What will cause the marble to speed up as it goes along? (Gravity.)
• What will cause it to slow down? (Going uphill, friction as it rubs against other objects, drag as it goes through the air.)

Give teams 20 minutes to build their marble run. Teams should test their creations as they go and refine them to keep the ball rolling as long as possible.

• Give 5-minute, 1-minute, and 30-second warnings that time is almost up.

Test the marble runs. One person from each team will be the timer and another will release the marble. Remaining team members may monitor the marble as it proceeds along the track or may hold up parts of the marble run.

• Keep track of the times and announce the team who kept the marble rolling the longest.
• If you are building marble runs in a public space, keep track of the day’s best times on a leader board.

ACTIVITY VARIATIONS

Supply a large variety of recycled or scavenged items to inspire creativity. Build a marble run that sets off a domino run or other chain reaction.

Work as a large group to build a marble run that goes all the way around a room or across a playground.

TROUBLESHOOTING

If teams become frustrated with a problem they encounter, help them brainstorm solutions. Don’t tell them what you think will work best; let them decide as a team on the best course of action.

GUIDANCE FOR YOUNGER CHILDREN

QUESTIONS TO ASK AFTER THE ACTIVITY

• If you make chutes that change direction, will your marble roll more slowly?
• What if you slanted a chute up and then the next chute down—what would your marble do?
• How does the length of the chute speed up or slow a marble down?
• If you could choose different surfaces to use in your marble chute, which ones would make your marble roll very slowly?
• Which do you think is easier: designing a marble run that slows a marble down or designing one that makes it go fast?

GUIDANCE FOR OLDER YOUTH AND ADULTS

QUESTIONS TO ASK AFTER THE ACTIVITY

• What structures did you build that worked the best at rolling your marble slowly? What inspired you to build them?
• How did the length and direction of your chutes help to slow your marble down?
• Did your team work together effectively? How could your team work even better?
• How would you change the course of your marble run if your marble were made out of sticky paper?

GUIDANCE FOR YOUNGER CHILDREN

Engineering Connections

Engineers are often asked to figure out a way to move objects from one place to another. Many times, their challenge is finding fast and efficient transportation for people or goods. Subway systems are an example of transportation that engineers help to design and build. A subway combines a track with underground tunnels in order to move people quickly from one place to another without being affected by traffic, like many roads are. Subway systems must be fast and safe to get people to a wide range of places quickly. For example, New York City’s subway has about 450 stations all over the city! Successful engineers must use their power of observation to develop, test, and analyze information about subway systems over and over again so that they can make the best subway possible.

Science Connections

Every scientist is born with a superpower: the ability to observe! Observing, or looking closely, at the world around you is a useful skill scientists use in their work. During this activity, you used your powers of observation to watch how a marble rolled on the track that you made. Like a scientist, you probably looked for patterns in the way your marble moved. When scientists observe, they do the same experiment over and over again looking for regular patterns—in the motion of an object, for example. They write down what they observe to keep a record of what they see each time they perform a test. Once they figure out what the patterns are, scientists use these patterns to make predictions about future motion. Careful observation also helps scientists find and solve problems that come up in their designs and investigations, so that they can eventually come up with just the right solution.

GUIDANCE FOR OLDER YOUTH AND ADULTS

Engineering Connections

Have you ever wondered why the wire lines on ski lifts don’t snap, or how roller coasters stay on their tracks? Ski lifts and roller coasters are possible because engineers have great knowledge about forces and how they work. Engineers design and build structures such as houses, skyscrapers, bicycles, and cars so that they hold the necessary weight and withstand whatever forces are going to be placed on them. Engineers use the engineering design process to test prototypes and find the best design. No one would want to ride a roller coaster or a ski lift that hadn’t been tested numerous times to make sure it is safe and works properly!

Science Connections

The key to keeping your marble rolling is to understand the forces acting on it, especially gravity and friction. Gravity constantly pulls down on the marble, causing it to roll on any surface that’s not perfectly level. The same thing happens to water in an aqueduct; gravity causes water to slowly flow down the gently sloping track. If the aqueduct were steep, the water would flow too fast. Friction occurs any time two objects rub against each other. This rubbing slows movement and creates heat in the process. You can feel this heat by quickly rubbing your hands together. If the force of friction is greater than the force of gravity, the marble will roll to a stop. By making your track just steep enough to overcome friction, you can keep your marble rolling for a long time!